CRONICA

GABRIEL JOSE GARCIA MARQUEZ 

He was a Colombian writer, screenwriter, book editor and journalist. He was born in Aracataca, department of Magdalena, Colombia, on Sunday, March 6, 1927 at nine in the morning. His childhood is recounted in his memoirs Living to tell it. After twenty-four years of absence, in 2007, he returned to Aracataca for a tribute paid to him by the Colombian Government when he turned eighty, forty since the publication of One Hundred Years of Solitude. Recognized for his novels and short stories, he studied law and journalism at the National University of Colombia and began his journalistic collaborations in the newspaper El Espectador. In 1982 he received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the real are combined in a world composed of imagination, which reflects the life and conflicts of a continent, he is considered one of the main . authors of magical realism, and their best-known novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude, is one of the most representative of that literary movement. In 2007, the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language published a popular commemorative edition of this work, considering it part of the great Hispanic classics of all time. He married Mercedes in March 1958 in the church of Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro in Barranquilla. In 1959 they had their first son, Rodrigo, who became a filmmaker, and in 1961 they settled in New York, where he worked as a correspondent for Latin Press. After receiving threats and criticism from the CIA and Cuban dissidents, who did not share the content of his reports, he decided to move to Mexico and settled in the capital. Three years later, Gonzalo, a future graphic designer, was born in the Mexican capital. García Márquez's worldwide notoriety began when One Hundred Years of Solitude was published in June 1967 and sold 8,000 copies in one week. The novel added one edition every week, reaching half a million in three years. It was translated into more than twenty-five languages and won six international awards. He was 40 years old when the world learned his name. Through correspondence from admirers, awards, interviews and appearances, his life had changed. In 1969, the novel won the Chianciano Apprecian in Italy and was named Best Foreign Book in France. In 1970, it was published in English and chosen as one of the twelve books of the year in the United States. Two years later he was awarded the Rómulo Gallegos Prize and the Neustadt Prize and in 1971, Mario Vargas Llosa published a book about his life and work, titled García Márquez: historia de un deicidio. To contradict all this exhibition, García Márquez returned to writing. Deciding to write about a dictator, he moved with his family to Barcelona, which was spending its last years under the regime of Francisco Franco. Also due to his fame and his views on US imperialism, he was labeled a subversive and for many years was denied a US visa by immigration authorities. However, after Bill Clinton was elected president of the United States, he lifted the ban on him traveling to his country and stated that One Hundred Years of Solitude is his favorite novel. In 1994, he presented the Foundation for a New Ibero-American Journalism, seeking to promote quality journalism in Latin America and Spain. In 1995, the Caro y Cuervo Institute published the Critical Repertory on Gabriel García Márquez in two volumes. In 1996, García Márquez published News of a Kidnapping, where he combined the testimonial orientation of journalism and his own narrative style. This story represents the immense wave of violence and kidnappings that Colombia continued to face. García Márquez is an important part of the Latin American literary boom. His works have received numerous critical studies, some extensive and significant, that examine the theme and its political and historical content. Other studies focus on the mythical content, the characterizations of the characters, the social environment, the mythical structure or the symbolic representations in his most notable works.